Saturday, August 27, 2016

                         S- Block Elements - Alkaline Earth Metals

   Alkaline Earth metals constitute Group 2 of the periodic table.           This chapter forms an important part of inorganic chemistry and 
   is essential for JEE MAIN and ADVANCED.
  
   I have attached my revision notes for this chapter below. It may 
   seem excessive and intimidating. DO NOT WORRY!!!

   You should follow the following strategy. Read 10 points 
   everyday from the sheets attached below. The next day, recall the
   previous day's notes before proceeding further. This will ensure 
   that you slowly memorize the important points in the entire 
   chapter.

    

  












Saturday, August 13, 2016

        A dream worth dreaming , A life worth living- Part 1

    I would like to begin this post by sincerely apologizing for the 
    long gap between posts in this blog. Now that i have addressed
    the elephant in the room , we can move on to the true purpose 
    of this post which is to describe my first 2 weeks at IIT Madras.

    I would like this post to serve as a motivation for all students
    who aim to get into the IIT's .


    Firstly , i would like to say that IIT's are all that a student dreams
    of and much more. It has something for everyone who steps 
    through its hallowed gates.

    Let us go through my experiences in a chronological order.

   1.  IIT orientation - The day of my dreams had finally arrived. 
        My first official day at IIT Madras. In front of me, was a 
        panel of the finest teachers, scientists and engineers in the 
        country. 
        Being the cynic that i am and having read several articles that
        criticized IIT's and its professors , i have to admit that i 
        feared being dissapointed. However , my fears were 
        unfounded and by the end of the day , i went home looking
        forward to the next 5 years.

       With their brevity, wit , knowledge and wisdom , the panel
       captured the attention of students and parents alike. Students
       were assured that they had complete freedom in all facets of
       their college life ( except class attendance !!!) . The panel
       had a favorite phrase " With freedom comes responsibility".

       Now , time for an anecdote illustrating the freedom provided.

       On 10 Aug 2016 , the president of INDIA was addressing 
       students of the premier institutions from 12 : 30 p.m onward.
       The auditorium at IIT M was empty . Surprised by this , the
       president's secretary asked the director where the students 
       were. Here comes his epic reply "At IIT M ,we do not force
       people to do anything. They have been informed about the
       event , they will come if they want to ".

       Secondly and perhaps more impressive , was the importance
       given to extra -curricular and co - curricular activities.
       The list of these activities is endless and i will cover it later.
       The professors unanimously agreed that all students must
       actively take part in all activities and if possible try to 
       concentrate on academics too. 

      The IIT M campus is probably one of the most beautiful in 
      India ,if not the world. The mess food was better than expected,
      deers , black bucks and monkeys were on full view and the 
      weather was surprisingly pleasant. Everything seemed to be 
      perfect(except the hostel rooms which seem to have been built         for single occupancy !!!) . I was in seventh heaven. 

 
  2. My first week in IIT -  Firstly , i would like to tell you that
      I was equally busy in my first week as i was during JEE
      preparation . DON'T PANIC. The difference was that i
      could do all the things i loved and missed doing rather
      than just study all the time. 
     
      Classes began at 8:00 a.m and ended at 5:35 p.m . However,
      class times varied everyday and several slots were free in
      between. 

      I spent my time exploring the vast and beautiful campus and
      fell in love with it. The library was a massive 4 floor building
      with books on every topic i had ever heard of and many more 
      on topics which i had never heard of. The clincher was that 
      it was fully air conditioned and had free Wi-Fi!!.

      The teachers were friendly and helpful and even taught us
      how to co-exist with the monkeys. They explained the 
      credit system and grading system and asked us to be 
      regular in academics. This is a piece of advice i found really
      important as it ensures you do not lose confidence in class 
      and understand what the professors teach.

      My evenings were spent at the tennis court, rediscovering 
      my game which had rusted due to my self imposed exile 
      from it. I watched, enthralled and a bit fearful as my seniors
      exhibited talent which i could not hope to match. However,
      the great thing about IIT M is that the seniors take you 
      under their wing and help you hone your talent.

     The nights were interspersed with orientation sessions ,
     club sessions and speeches by famous individuals. In my
     first week , I joined the internationally recognized  
     TOASTMASTERS club which is a forum for improving
     one's public speaking skills. We had an orientation session
     about Saarang, the famous cultural fest of IIT M which also
     dealt with the cultural events in the institute. The next day ,
     a cultural weekender had been organized where all the cultural
     clubs showcased their talents.

     These clubs ranged from music and dance to quizzing and 
     word games. It was my most memorable day in IIT M till
     date. I realized that people here were supremely talented
     at everything they did, be it academics or sports or culturals.
     I tried my hand at almost all the clubs and thoroughly 
     enjoyed myself. The best was yet to come. In a stunning and
     magical display of talent , the music club enthralled us with
     a 2 hour performance, the likes of which i had never seen
     before. They had left their mark on us freshers and i slept
     that night dreaming of leaving my mark on this wonderful
     institute.

     This was my first week at the institute. That was a mistake.
     This was what i remembered of my first week. There were so
     many events that i attended , so many wonderful people i met
     and so many dreams that i dreamt of. All i can say is that i am
     on top of the world right now and am looking forward to see
     you - the reader, with me, in this wonderful institute.

     IIT M - It's not just a college or an institute . It's much more.
     The culmination of years of work. The realization of an
     Indian Dream. The gateway to many a success story. The
     Stanford of India. Heaven on Earth. 
  
        But for me it's something more than all this-
 It feels like HOME

           
       



     
       
   

         
         
        
            

Wednesday, August 10, 2016

S- block Elements- ALKALI METALS


     We now move on to class 11 inorganic chemistry. The first
     chapter is s block elements. As mentioned before , NCERT is
     a must for all inorganic chapters. In these notes , i will be 
     covering the important points from ncert as well as some extra 
     points for jee advance.

     GROUP 1 ELEMENTS

     1. They are soft , conduct heat and electricity and have low 
         melting points.

      2. They possess weak metallic bonding. At room temperature,
         they exist in BCC structure. At low temperature , Li exists
         in hcp structure.

     3. Atomisation and Hydration energy decrease down the group.

     4. Except Li , other metals form alloys amongst themselves.

     5. Except Li , others show photoelectric effect.

     6. Flame colours :
  
         Li - Crimson
         Na- Yellow
         K  - lilac
         Rb - violet
         Cs - blue

     7. Rb and Cs react most vigorously with water because they sink
         in it. Reaction of lithium with water is very slow.

     8. K is less dense than Na.

     9. Only Li reacts directly with carbon and nitrogen. 

    10. Only Li reacts directly with oxygen to form oxides.

    
    NOTES:

   1. Lithium halides are the only ones which are not anhydrous. 
       They exist as LiX.3H2O.

   2. Sodium and other alkali metals dissolve in ammonia to form
       deep blue solutions. On long standing , they decompose 
       forming amides.

   3. Concentrated metal ammonia solutions have metallic bronze 
       colour and high electrical conductance.

   4. Lithium hydride is the most stable group 1 hydride.  This is
       due to similarity in the sizes of cation and anion.

   Extraction of Sodium :
   Method 1 : 

   1. Sodium is extracted by electrolysis of NaCl + CaCl2 solution.

   2. Calcium Chloride is added to lower melting point.

   3. Graphite anode , Steel cathode.

   
   Method 2 :

   Diaphragm Cell

   1. Diaphragm ( asbestos) prevents hydroxide ions from coming
       in contact with chloride ions. But Hydrogen and Chlorine still
       react. ( this is the disadvantage.)

   2. Cathode level is always less than anode. This ensures NaOH
       does not react with chlorine gas.

   3. The final solution always contains NaCl.

  
   Method 3 :

   Chloralkali process :

   http://www.eurochlor.org/the-chlorine-universe/how-is-chlorine-      produced/the-mercury-cell-process.aspx


 
   Compound of alkali metals :

   

  


   
   
     





THANK YOU